Lyme Disease Bit Of an Itch in CT

WINSTED — Susan Perlotto, health educator at the Torrington Area Health District, spoke during a Lyme disease prevention presentation at the Beardsley Memorial Library Wednesday evening, June 20.Beyond Lyme Disease

Black-legged ticks carry three different tick-borne diseases that can be deadly, Perlotto said. A tick must remain attached to the skin for at least one day before the bacteria can be transmitted.

Ehrlichiosis, one deer-tick disease, has two main forms: human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) and the Connecticut form of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE), she said. Both forms of infection have symptoms that can be confused with the flu during winter months. Nausea and vomiting accompany the symptoms that usually occur five to 10 days after the bite.

"One of the symptoms is a severe headache so bad you can’t even get to a phone," Perlotto said.

Babesiosis is another deer-tick disease cause by the Babesia microti parasite. Malaria-like symptoms, including loss of appetite, fatigue and high temperatures, occur one to nine weeks after original exposure.

"Sometimes it’s asymptomatic and it tends to be more common in older people, based on older research," said Perlotto. "It can cause severe issues like liver problems, hemolytic anemia or kidney failure."

Lyme disease attacks various organ systems and may cause migratory arthritic problems, swelling and possibly neurologic disease such as Bells Palsy or meningitis. Infrequently, she said, Lyme disease can cause cardiac problems, including heart block and rhythm abnormalities.

"Every person’s body is different," said Perlotto. "Everyone reacts differently."Watch Out for Fido

Lyme disease can also be a deadly disease for pets. D.H. Kraut, DVM, of the Litchfield Hills Veterinary Hospital in Harwinton, noted in a phone interview some necessary facts for pet owners to understand and recognize Lyme.

"First of all, it’s generally estimated that 30 to 40 percent of dogs that walk in the door are positive for Lyme or ehrlichiosis," said Kraut. "They often go hand and hand and are part of the same syndrome, which means they’re carriers but it doesn’t necessarily mean they have the disease."

Over a span of two or three days a dog can progress from normal behavior to being unable to walk due to generalized joint pain. Other signs included limping, swollen lymph nodes, tenderness, fever, lameness, anorexia, inflammatory joint disease and in rare occurrences, neurological diseases.

Veterinarians may be able to diagnose after performing a blood test, which will show exposure to the bacteria. Dogs that have been previously vaccinated must have a special type of blood test to differentiate between the vaccine and the actual exposure to the organism. Sometimes treatment can put the disease into remission.

"Use this analogy: If you had chicken pox as a child, which is a form of the herpes virus," explained Kraut, "if it lives in you and you’re not having a shingles outbreak, then you’re just carrying it."

There are several ways to protect pets from being infected by the bacteria. There are three Lyme vaccines approved for use in dogs, but no vaccine will be 100 percent effective. Veterinarians recommend administering the vaccine to decrease the chances of contracting the disease, Kraut said. Frontline Plus, an agent used to prevent ticks, is available in liquid-spot treatment or spray. K9 Advantix is another anti-tick prescription that repels mosquitoes and kills fleas as well.Prevention and Treatment

"They’re looking for a deer," said Perlotto, "but they can’t always find a deer, so that’s why they feed on you, your kids and your dogs."

Perlotto recommended wearing long pants tucked into socks with closed-toed sneakers or boots while outside in specific tick-infested areas. She also said to examine yourself and your dog after excursions and remove any ticks that are found with tweezers, gently pulling away from the skin directly at the head of the tick. Cleanse the area with antiseptic once removed.

"Spring and fall are the worst times," warned Kraut. "They like 30 to 60 degree weather. The majority of cases occur in that time."

Treatment of these diseases involves the use of an appropriate antibiotic for three to four weeks. Despite the use of repellents, vaccines and close monitoring, the disease can recur after treatment within a few weeks or months. These cases require further antibiotic therapy for extended periods.

"Even when we treat Lyme disease, elimination is only 20 to 30 percent of time," said Kraut. "It usually puts this disease into remission. Some vets like to screen and treat, screen and treat. I don’t, since the cure rate is so poor. Vaccines do help, they’re good, safe products, but some run out of protection by the end of the year. Most run out around 150 days."

Landscaping can greatly minimize the risk of deer ticks in the recreational areas of the yard. A 3-foot border at the edge of the lawn made of either small stones or wood chips can provide an obstacle for deer ticks and make them more susceptible to the sun’s rays. Weekly lawn mowing, removal of all leaf litter and brush at the lawn’s edge can also help. Take down birdfeeders or woodpiles that could potentially harbor a mouse or chipmunk that lures ticks closer to the home.

For more information on the diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease, visit the Torrington Area Health districts Web site at tahd.org or call 860-489-0436. For treatment, contact your local veterinarian or physician.

 

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